Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Gay Marriage Should Not Ban Same Sex Marriage Essay

On June 26, 2015, the White House lit up in rainbow colors to commemorate a Supreme Court decision that ruled, in Obergefell vs Hodges, that states cannot ban same sex marriage. It is no longer a state level decision, as it had been since 1993. This means that same sex marriage became legal on a national level. Many viewed this as the biggest, most important hurdle for the LGBT community to face, and for the time being they had cleared it. I found it mighty funny that the phrase â€Å"Love Wins† was coined as the moniker for the movement. Love is one thing that the LGBT community would agree is something that they are definitely not feeling on a local, state, or national level. In at least 31 out of the 50 states that â€Å"Love Won† in, there are no laws in place to protect the LGBT community from discrimination, up to and including being fired for no reason other than their sexual orientation or gender identity, in the workplace. In this paper, I will lay out the time line of the LGBT community’s fight to put an end to both â€Å"open† and â€Å"soft† discrimination from a legal standpoint. I will explore the many reasons that it is absolutely necessary to put legislation in place to ensure the LGBT community, at least, job security. The very first thing worth mentioning is that there is still, after all these years, no federal law in place protecting LGBT employees from discrimination. It is my belief that a law is needed to be put in place to protect at the least the economic livelihoodShow MoreRelatedShould Gay Marriage Be Recognized?1692 Words   |  7 PagesAugust 25, 2014 SHOULD GAY MARRIAGES BE RECOGNIZED ACROSS STATES There are many debates going on about whether gay-marriage should be recognized by all United States. Why is it that some states ban gay-marriage but others allow it? Why is it that some states declare that a ban on gay-marriage is unconstitutional yet others say it is not? Why is it that some states recognize gay-marriages from other states but others do not? These are some questions that should be very closely lookedRead MoreThe Legalization Of Gay Marriage1749 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legalization of Gay Marriage: A Step to Equality Imagine a world where heterosexuals are the minority. Straight people would be the ones fighting for the same rights as homosexuals. Same-sex marriages would be average and normal, while straight marriages would be frowned upon and considered unholy in the eyes of religion. Heterosexuals would be denied service at restaurants because of their sexuality, they would be called derogatory names while holding their partner’s hand and most importantlyRead MoreLegalize Gay Marriage Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized Just about everyone has an opinion on legally allowing same-sex couples to marry. The arguments range from personal beliefs to what marriage is said to be in the Bible. 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Public opinion in the U.S. shows the majority support for the legal recognition of same-sex marriages. This issue is more likely to be supported by women and people under 50. My thesis is that marriage equality a civil right, rights we are born with as a citizen of the U.S. which the government cannot interfere with or suppress. (Lecture Notes 8/27). Over the past decade, marriage equality has become an even largerRead MoreGeorge Chauncey, Why Marriage?1245 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Chauncey, Why Marriage?: The History Shaping Today s Debate over Gay Equality, 2004 Nisha Chittal, Judges Chip Away at Florida Gay Marriage Ban, msnbc.com, July 26, 2014 Jeffrey M. Jones, Same-Sex Marriage Support Solidifies Above 50% in U.S., Gallup.com, May 13, 2013 Stonewall Rebellion, www.nytimes.com, Apr. 10, 2009 Goldberg, Carey (February 10, 2000). Vermont Panel Shies From Gay Marriage. New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2013. https://www.isidewith.com/poll/965633 Read MorePros and Cons of Same Sex Marriage1734 Words   |  7 PagesPros and Cons of Same Sex Marriage Jasmaine Joseph April 19, 2013 Final Grade Same sex marriage is when two people with the same gender get married. Most people label it as homosexual, gay or lesbian marriage. Allowing same gender couples to legally marry is considered to be one of the most important of all  LGBT rights. Same sex marriage isn’t hurting anyone, personal I don’t have a problem with it. People should love and be able to marry anyone they please. America isRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized? Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly is legalizing same sex marriage. Since same sex marriage has become a popular topic that everyone has to deal with, it has provoked many problems around the world. People have different aspects stating that gay marriage has pros and cons. Fortunately, even though everyone constantly can not stop talking about gay marriage, it keeps spreading throughout the world and causes more problems day after day. In an article titled Supreme Court rules in Favor of Same-Sex Marriage Nationwide, it talk sRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage Issues Controversies Essay example1180 Words   |  5 Pagesnamed gay marriage â€Å"one of the key struggles of our time†. According to the website â€Å"ProCon.org† as of January 6th 2014, 17 states have taken the plunge and legalized same-sex marriage. Marriage is â€Å"one of the basic civil rights of man†. Yet, we are still waiting on 66% of our nation to do the right thing and legalize gay marriage. The ban on gay marriage has deprived gay, lesbian, and bisexuals of many benefits that come with being married. Also, it has been proved that banning gay marriage createdRead More In Favor of Same Sex Marriage Essay examples1097 Words   |  5 Pages As you watch her, you notice how happy she is about this marriage. Both partners say â€Å"I do,† and you hear the clergyman say, â€Å"I pronounce you wife and wife.† The church erupts with applause as your friend and her partner share their first kiss as a legally ma rried couple. That is fantasy that has yet to come true for most homosexual couples. The war for same-sex marriage has yet to be won in America. Through multiple court cases, the gay rights movement has been fighting to give homosexuals the

Monday, December 16, 2019

Introduction and Client Care Issues Free Essays

string(55) " may find themselves personally liable for any losses\." Introduction Charlotte Ann Ltd (CA) has two directors (A and B) both of whom are now seeking advice on several different issues in relation to CA, as well as a wholly-owned subsidiary CA Finance which is going into insolvency. Firstly, and prior to identifying key issue and the legal rules that will apply, it is necessary to consider the basic client care factors, to ensure that instructions are being received from an authorised party; in particular, consideration needs to be given as to whether or not advice is being given to the individual directors, or whether the advice is being sought on behalf of the company. On the face of it, it may seem to be all the same entity, but there are potential distinctions, particularly given the fact that one of the key issues to be discussed is directors’ duties towards the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction and Client Care Issues or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is noted that for a considerable period that Ebenezer was also a director of the company and, although he has now left as a director, this does not exonerate him from any breaches that he may have undertaken, during his time as director. It may be that an agreement was entered into when Ebenezer left as a director and as this has not been presented here, it is assumed that no such contract exists and therefore the advice being provided will be on the basis that no such contract does, in fact, exist. The advice here is broadly split into two areas, the first looking at directors’ duties and, in particular, the impact of Ebenezer’s behaviour; the second part looks at the insolvency of the subsidiary and related issues. Directors Duties Owed by E to the Company All three directors A, B and E (although E is not a current director) are required to comply with the statutory directors’ duties, as established and codified by the Companies Act 2006, sections 170 – 180. These will be looked at, first, before applying them to the situation in relation to E and his contact with a long-standing customer, Gurdip (G), and the relationship that emerged between E and Robert with the company accounting practices, as well as an analysis of the situation and any impact that this now has on A and B, based on any duty or liability that they may have to the company. In accordance with section 171, directors are required to act within their powers and are only allowed to act within the boundaries of the company’s constitution. Secondly, in accordance with section 172, directors are under a duty to promote the â€Å"success of the company the benefit of its members†. This requires the directors to ensure that the decisions they make are done in such a way that it benefits the company, in the long run. Furthermore, the directors are required to ensure that they act fairly between the members[1]. Section 173 requires each director to exercise independent judgement; however, it should be noted that the duty will not be breached, if some form of agreement has been entered into between the directors in total freedom but does have the effect of meaning they not each director is acting with independent judgement, at all times. Crucially, section 174 states that directors are required at all times to exercise reasonable skill, care and diligence, with the level of skill that would be expected of another individual with a similar level of knowledge, as well as a general level of care that would generally be expected to be shown by a director in a similar position. Broadly speaking, the way in which reasonable skill, care and diligence is expected to be shown is the same as the approach taken in section 214 of the Insolvency Act 1986. The leading and relevant case in this regard is that of Re City Equitable Fire Insurance[2], where it was stated that there are three propositions that would apply when ascertaining the level of skill and care which are expected to be shown by the director. Firstly, it is accepted that the director would not be expected to show a level of skill and care above that which his own level of knowledge suggests would be appropriate. Secondly, there is no requirement on the director to give continuous attention to the situation within the company and there is an expectation that the directors may look away from the company for periods of time. Thirdly, when it comes to exercising their duty, it is acceptable for the director to pass some of their responsibilities on to third parties, provided the selection of the third party is done with reasonable skill and care[3]. Section 175 states that each director must avoid conflicts of interest, and furthermore that they must inform their fellow directors of any possible conflict, before the transaction, or as soon as is reasonably practicable in relation to a particular transaction, if there is going to be a potential conflict of interest. Fellow directors are able to authorise this conflict, provided they are fully informed of the situation. Finally, section 176 states that a director is not able to accept benefit from third parties. Making a secret profit is prohibited, if the profit is being made by virtue of his position as director[4]. It is noted, however, that no breach will arise, if they could not reasonably be expected that accepting the benefit would result in a conflict-of-interest, i.e. if the situation was of no interest to the company[5]. The consequence of a breach is also relevant to the discussion, here. Although the 2006 Act does not specifically state the remedies that are available, there is now a procedure in place allowing for derivative action to be taken by the shareholders on behalf of the company, in the event that it remains the case that a director in breach of duty would be required to account for profits to the company and may find themselves personally liable for any losses. You read "Introduction and Client Care Issues" in category "Essay examples" E’s Arrangement with G – Breach of Duty? Bearing in mind the situation here and the fact that E entered into a transaction with G which provided him with a profit during his time as a director, it is suggested that E has undertaken several activities that would be in breach of his director’s duties. As noted above, it would be necessary to ensure that no contract has been entered into when he left as a director, which would remove him from responsibility for the action that he undertook while acting as a director. On the assumption that no such agreement exists, E would remain responsible for the activities when he was the director of the company. However, by entering into a contract with G which enabled him to make substantial personal profit, it could be argued by E that, as the transaction involves petrol cars, the transaction would be of no interest to the company and the discount provided to the customer was no greater as a result of the transaction, meaning that the company had not, in fact, lost out at all. De spite this, there is sufficient suggestion that having this underlying contract with G would ultimately result in a conflict of interest that should be declared. Failure to declare this would require E to account for any profit that he had made to the company, and the actions of the other two directors, namely A and B could enforce on behalf of the company[6]. Ebeneezer and Robert – Breach of Duty? Several financial errors were made as a result of the activities of Robert who was employed as the individual in charge of the accounts. This raises the question of whether or not it was reasonable for A and B to relinquish responsibility to E, in order to oversee the work of Robert and, if so, whether he could be held responsible for the errors that have taken place. This issues deals with the area of reasonable skill and care. As noted by Section 174, it is not required for the directors to give continuous attention and it is acceptable to allow third parties to take on board some of the tasks, provided the selection of the third party is done with sufficient skill and care. It is suggested, based on the interpretation of Section 174, that it was acceptable for A and B to allow E to oversee all aspects of the accounts of the business and this would potentially render E liable for the errors that have taken place. Further information would be required in order to understand whether or not he had acted reasonably in accepting Robert’s position and whether a director with a similar level of skill and care would have taken a more proactive approach or would have selected a different third party. On balance, it is suggested that E has erred in failing to oversee Robert appropriately and simply signing off the accounts, without investigating these further as would be reasonably expected of a director in his position. This again could result in E being personally responsible to the company for the losses as a result of Robert’s failures, and E’s inability to deal with this and to act appropriately. Insolvency Process The subsidiary company, CA Finance is now deemed to be insolvent and although A was the sole director, B was also involved in the management of the company and could potentially be considered to be acting as a shadow director, as he was giving instruction. This is because, if he were a director in accordance with section 251 of the 2006 Act, this would potentially render either A or B liable for any mismanagement during the insolvency process, which is largely governed by the 1986 Act. Compulsory liquidation takes place in accordance with section 122 of the 1986 Act and can be initiated by a creditor who is owed ?750 or more. In this case, a liquidator has been appointed, as they have reasonably wide discretion to manage the liquidation and to commence action against the directors, if they have acted in an incorrect manner. As soon as the official receiver takes over the director’s appointments are terminated[7]. In accordance with section 132, the official receiver is required to investigate the reason why the company had become insolvent and the activities of the company, prior to insolvency. One particular issue that the official receiver may deal with in the context of the facts presented here is that the directors have transferred many of the assets of the failing company into the parent company, immediately prior to the insolvency of the subsidiary company. Although there is some factual debate as to whether or not the directors understood the transfer of these assets would result in insolvency, nonetheless it could be argued that this was undertaken in contemplation of insolvency and would potentially be clawed back by the official receiver, on behalf of the creditors of the company. There are several headings under which the official receiver could potentially claw back money that has left the failing company, prior to insolvency. These include, transaction at undervalue, preference to certain creditors, extortionate credit transactions, the avoidance of floating charges, transaction that are aimed at defrauding creditors, misfeasance and either fraudulent or wrongful trading. In accordance with section 423, where the aim of the transaction was to put assets beyond the reach of the creditors, this could be considered to be a transaction that was aimed at defrauding the creditors and this would involve an analysis of the overall situation and whether or not this was the underlying purpose of such a transaction. Where it is deemed to be the case, the transaction could be reversed and the assets returned to the failing company, in order to be diverted amongst the creditors. Claim by F Against CA It is also noted that Fozia (F) has suffered a personal injury and wishes to take an action against the company that is now insolvent. The question, therefore, arises as to whether or not it is possible to bring such an action against an insolvent defendant, or whether there is some other forms of recompense available to F. In order for F to bring an action against the insolvent company, it would require permission from the court[8]. Historically, however, it is accepted that the courts will generally allow such an action to be commenced and this will then allow F to become a creditor of the company for the amounts owed to him. A question arises, therefore, as to whether the parent company can be held responsible for the debts of the subsidiary. It may be possible for a creditor such as F or any other creditor to attempt to pierce the corporate veil and to look through the arrangements within the subsidiary to make a claim against the parent company. In order to determine whether this will be appropriate in this particular situation, the facts relating to the activities of the two companies prior to insolvency will need to be ascertained, including whether the assets were transferred at net book value and how much control the parent company actually had over the subsidiary. More information needs to be provided, in order to ascertain whether the assets were transferred of out of the business as part of the restructuring and whether this was done in a way that could be deemed to be a means of removing the assets from the grasp of the creditors. It would therefore be appropriate to lift the corporate veil and make the parent company responsible and may indeed allow for the claw back of the transaction by the official receiver[9]. Furthermore, concerns in relation to the claim by F need to be looked at in a similar context, in order to ascertain how much control the parent company had over the insolvent subsidiary, as to whether it would be appropriate to attach a claim to the parent company, or whether F would be simply viewed as another potential creditor against the assets of the company, which may be greater once the assets have been clawed back. Factors that might indicate that the corporate veil should indeed be pierced include the directorship between the two companies and therefore the relatively strong indications suggest that the parent company would, in this case, be deemed to be responsible for the actions of the subsidiary and may therefore be called upon to meet with the debts of the company. Group Restructure – Potential Insolvency Issues Bearing in mind the previous analysis, it is suggested that the restructure undertaken by the subsidiary company immediately prior to insolvency would be subject to being reversed by the official receiver, as there is indication that this transaction was undertaken in order to defraud the creditors. The directors themselves may be liable for their own activities relating to the insolvent company, if it could be shown that they have acted in misfeasance, in accordance with section 212 of the Insolvency Act 1986. It is suggested here that both A and B could be liable, as they were acting in the capacity of directors, albeit one as a shadow director[10]. In order for them to be individually liable under section 212 and for the individual to be liable to repay towards the assets of the company, it will be necessary to show they were culpable in some way for the insolvency of the company; therefore, more evidence would need to be obtained as to how the decisions were made in the immediate run-up to the insolvency of the company[11]. On balance, it is likely that the assets will be returned to the insolvent company, in order to pay off the debts owed to the creditors, as it can potentially be shown that the transaction undertaken was a means of removing the assets from the grasp of the creditors. If there was evidence that the assets were transferred at net book value, it may be possible for the company to argue that the claw back should not take place. Furthermore, it is also argued that F would be likely to be able to bring an action against the insolvent company, provided he obtained the necessary court permission. It is also necessary to consider whether the corporate veil should be pierced and an action commenced against the parent company. This will depend on the facts of the case and whether or not it is reasonable to allow for the corporate veil to be pierced in this way, based on the true nature of how the company is organised and the level of control exercised by the parent company. Overall Conclusions It is concluded, overall, that A and B would be able to bring an action on behalf of CA against E as a director (albeit now a retired director) for his breaches of duty in relation to both his failure to declare a conflict-of-interest and a personal profit in relation to the transaction with G and also the failure to oversee the work of Robert in producing the accounts. It would be possible to claim that he should account for the profit and the money paid back into the company. Secondly, the insolvency of the subsidiary company is likely to result in the assets that were transferred out in order to remove then from the creditors being clawed back by the official receiver. Furthermore, the action being commenced by F (which will require the permission of the court) is likely to be attached to the parent company, as the corporate veil should be lifted, due to the fact that the parent company held so much power over the subsidiary company and had commonality of directors. References Belmond Finance Corporation v Williams Furniture Ltd [1980] 1 All ER 393 Companies Act 2006 Ellis, J and Slorach, J (2007) Business Law, Oxford University Press Industrial Development Consultants v Cooley [1972] 1 All ER 162 Insolvency Act 1986 Island Export Finance v Umunna [1986] BCLC 460 McLaughlin, S (2013) Unlocking Company Law, Taylor Francis p.302 Measures Brothers Ltd v Measures [1910] 2 Ch 848 Re City Equitable Fire Insurance Co Ltd [1925] Ch 407 Re Saunders (A Bankrupt) Bristol and West Building Society v Saunders (1997) CH 60 Tolmie, F (2003) Corporate and Personal Insolvency Law, Psychology Press, p.342 Whalley (Liquidator of MDA Investment Management Ltd) v Doney [2003] EWHC 227 How to cite Introduction and Client Care Issues, Essay examples

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Concept of Business Model Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Impact Conceptualizes Business Models as Systems .2.How Business Models as Systems can be used to solve Static and Dynamic Problems?3.What are the Barriers to Imitating Business Models?4.Explain How Business Models as Systems can be used to understand the Innovation Process.5.How Business Models as Systems can be used to understand how Firms Partner? Answers: Business models can be defined as activities in enterprises that try to explain the daily operation towards profit maximization. It tries to answers questions about who is the customer. Who are the competitors? And which strategies are being used to achieve a business goal (Witz, 2011). For useful business model, a practice of shared resource for competitors has to be put into place A plan of action explains the rationale, the data, and a strategic offer for the client, and a solid structure for incomes and expenses that try to convey advantages a specific plan that will be impressive to customers as a way of generating profits. By having the best plan for companies action is lacking all which gives better hands when actualized in implementing the action plans that are frequently easy to follow and copy in fact; it is simply an issue of many years which may be fruitful towards work inspirations for long term success. As depicted, a plan of action is more nonspecific than a business procedure. Coupling technique investigation with a plan of action examination is important to remember the end goal of each model employed whatever upper hand comes about because of the outline in using the program in auctioning. Selecting a business system one need to a proper survey as a way to plan of action configuration requires portioning the market, making an incentivized offer for each section. Methodology investigation is, therefore, a basic stride in outlining an aggressively sensible plan of action. Unless the scheme of action tries to channel several procedures that of an action plan which is reasonable as People can rent services which competitors can duplicate to achieve goals. The case for daily paper publication which tries to take care of the expenses to create many topographically isolate "markets" all through the world. 2.Having a differentiated and in the meantime, the successful and productive architecture for an undertaking's plan of action is essential to the foundation of an upper hand. The different components should be accurate to each other and cooperate well as a framework. Magretta calls attention to that the plan of action of markdown retailing in existence some time in Wal-Mart organizer Sam Walton 'put significantly estimated stores into minimal one-horse towns which every other person was overlooking.' (Magretta, 2002) Once set up, the towns Wal-Mart had chosen are little to bolster another comparative estimated storage hard to repeat in selecting the first action made. Wal-Mart advanced national brands at profound rebates supported by inventive and lean acquiring coordination and IT frameworks: these are components of its system that makes a plan of action hard to mimic. Business model decisions characterize the design of the firm, and augmentation courses make starting there on out. However, once settled, tries as often as possible experience huge inconvenience in changing arrangements of activity. We witness the difficulties American payments options have seen in endeavoring to turn to cross breed models in card issuance in the meantime many would request banks to issue associates to go about as card underwriters for them. These is unmistakably disconnected e their principal rivals (Visa and MasterCard, who give organize benefits just and don't battle with banks in issuing charge cards) are not filtered leading to conflicts doubtlessly subject to be the bank's favored assistants. Like this American Express cards likely not going to have much accomplishment endeavoring to copy the Visa/MasterCard plan of activity while up 'til now keeping up their inward issuing and picking up limits.(Teece,1986) So, improving with plans of action won't, independent from anyone else, construct venture level upper hand. Be that as it may, new plans of action or improving the existing ones, as new items themselves, frequently result in lowering costs expanded an incentive to the shopper and clients in creating exceptional yields. 3.The process has several components that influence the straightforwardness or generally of mimicking plans of action. At a shallow level, all plans of action may appear to be anything but difficult to impersonate e unquestionably the essential thought, and the business rationale behind another model is improbable itself to appreciate licensed innovation security. Specifically, another plan of action, being broader than a business technique, is probably not going to fit the bill for a patent, regardless of the possibility that specific business strategies supporting it might be patentable. Depictions of a plan of action may appreciate copyright security; however, that is probably not going to be a boundary to replicating its first center 'thought.' What then is it, on the off chance that anything, that is probably going to hinder the copycat conduct that can so rapidly disintegrate the plan of action pioneer's favorable position? Three variables would appear to be important. To start with, executing a plan of action may require frameworks, resources, and procedures that difficult in duplication with condition with willing candidates into the towns too little to keep up a Wall-Mart contender. Dell computers are also the immediate to-customer plan of activity is plainly visible when Gateway Computers endeavored to executed a practically identical model, their powerlessness to finish wherever near Dell's execution levels has been attributed to the not very efficient utilization of strategies. Capacities matter. However, Netflix grasped its lead, both in light of the way that competitors amalgamation concerns do not debilitate it and because it had licenses on the 'requested rundown' by which supporters showed online their film inclinations. Second, there might need a level of obscurity makes it troublesome for pariahs to comprehend in sufficient detail how a plan of action is executed, or which of its components in certainty constitute the wellspring of client accepts. Third, regardless of the possibility that it is straightforwardly clear how to recreate a pioneer's plan of action, officeholders in the business might be hesitant to do as such if it includes ripping apart existing deals and benefits or annoying other essential business connections. At the point when officeholders are obliged along these lines, the pioneer of another plan of action may appreciate a significant time of constrained focused reaction. Despite these imperatives, the rivalry is probably going to be energetic because other new participants, correspondingly unacceptable features, and amalgamation nerves, will be similarly allowed to enter. 4.The benefitting from advancement system making sense of how to catch an incentive from development is an essential component of the plan of action outline. Each new item advancement exertion ought to be combined with the improvement of a plan of action which characterizes its 'go to showcase' and 'catching quality' systems. Plainly mechanical advancement independent from anyone else does not consequently ensure business or monetary achievement. The Innovation Profiting system can therefore consider an instrument to help outline plans of action, and utilizing it permits one to guide plan of action determination to sort of development, while at the same time empowering one to make sense of where protected innovation adaptation through licensing is probably going to be reasonable, and acceptable sort of vertical coordination is demonstrated.( Pisano,2006) Although, it is quiet on various issues, for example, advertise division and the decision of item components, it by and by can give bits of knowledge into how an esteem affix should be collected. Furthermore, it can anticipate champs and washouts from the aggressive procedure in the setting where a client need is being met. 5.The part of revelation, learning and adjustment planning as most activities requires understanding, creativity and excellent customer care skills to get the best knowledge of how competitors operate.Business vision may be with the strength to develop another model or support the exist one. One needs to create models that influence customers, cost structure and business society as the models address responses from customer and competitors. As the arrangement usually shows time and learning the fundamental changes business visionaries/directors. Mechanical development is checked in most exceptional social orders; which is characteristic and alluring that reflects on the estimations of an innovatively vibrant culture. Be that as it may, the formation of new hierarchical structures, sound strategies and specifically new plans of action are of equivalent e if not more noteworthy society and business venture. References Quoted in J. Magretta, Why business models matter, Harvard Business Review 6 (2002). J. Teece, Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy, Research Policy 15(6), 285e305 (1986); D. J. Teece, Reflections on profiting from technological innovation, Research Policy 35(8), 1131e1146 (2006). Alonso G, Casati F, Kuno H, Machiraju V (2009) Web Services: Concepts, Architectures, and Applications. Data-Centric Systems and Applications Series, Springer Bernd W. Wirtz 2011 Business Model Management: Design - Instruments - Success Factors. Gabler Verlag, 2011Pisano, Science Business: The Promise, the Reality, and the Future of Biotech, Harvard Business School Press, (2006) Van der Aalst W, Berens P (2001) Beyond Workflow Management: Product-driven Case Handling. In: Ellis S, Rodden T, Zigurs I (eds) International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work (GROUP 2001), pp 4251 Weske M (2000) Workflow Management Systems: Formal Foundation, Conceptual Design, Implementation Aspects. Habilitation Thesis, University of Mnster